ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The olfactomedin-like domain (OLFML) is present in at least four families of proteins, including OLFML2A and OLFML2B, which are expressed in adult rat retina cells. However, no expression of their orthologous has ever been reported in human and baboon. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of OLFML2A and OLFML2B in ocular tissues of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and humans, as a key to elucidate OLFML function in eye physiology. METHODS: OLFML2A and OLFML2B cDNA detection in ocular tissues of these species was performed by RT-PCR. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced, phylogenetically analyzed and their proteins products were confirmed by immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS: OLFML2A and OLFML2B transcripts were found in human cornea, lens and retina and in baboon cornea, lens, iris and retina. The baboon OLFML2A and OLFML2B ORF sequences have 96% similarity with their human's orthologous. OLFML2A and OLFML2B evolution fits the hypothesis of purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis shows clear orthology in OLFML2A genes, while OLFML2B orthology is not clear. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of OLFML2A and OLFML2B in human and baboon ocular tissues, including their high similarity, make the baboon a powerful model to deduce the physiological and/or metabolic function of these proteins in the eye.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism , Eye/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Papio , Reference Values , Glycoproteins/analysis , Glycoproteins/genetics , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/analysis , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods , Evolution, Molecular , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, Protein , Reverse Transcription , Eye/chemistry , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Membrane Proteins/analysis , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Ocular Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
AbstractObjective: to validate the content of the prevention protocol for early sepsis caused by Streptococcus agalactiaein newborns.Method: a transversal, descriptive and methodological study, with a quantitative approach. The sample was composed of 15 judges, 8 obstetricians and 7 pediatricians. The validation occurred through the assessment of the content of the protocol by the judges that received the instrument for data collection - checklist - which contained 7 items that represent the requisites to be met by the protocol. The validation of the content was achieved by applying the Content Validity Index.Result: in the judging process, all the items that represented requirements considered by the protocol obtained concordance within the established level (Content Validity Index > 0.75). Of 7 items, 6 have obtained full concordance (Content Validity Index 1.0) and the feasibility item obtained a Content Validity Index of 0.93. The global assessment of the instruments obtained a Content Validity Index of 0.99.Conclusion: the validation of content that was done was an efficient tool for the adjustment of the protocol, according to the judgment of experienced professionals, which demonstrates the importance of conducting a previous validation of the instruments. It is expected that this study will serve as an incentive for the adoption of universal tracking by other institutions through validated protocols.
ResumoObjetivo:validar o conteúdo do protocolo de prevenção da sepse precoce porStreptococcus agalactiaeem recém-nascidos.Método:estudo transversal, descritivo, do tipo metodológico, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 15 juízes, oito médicos obstetras e sete pediatras. A validação ocorreu por intermédio da avaliação de conteúdo do protocolo pelos juízes, os quais receberam o instrumento de coleta de dados - checklist - contendo sete itens, que representam requisitos a serem contemplados no protocolo. A validação de conteúdo foi atingida mediante aplicação do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo.Resultado:no processo de julgamento, todos os itens que representam requisitos contemplados no protocolo obtiveram concordância dentro do nível estabelecido (Índice de Validade de Conteúdo >0,75). Dos sete itens, seis obtiveram concordância total, (Índice de Validade de Conteúdo 1.0) e o item exequibilidade obteve Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,93. A avaliação global dos instrumentos obteve Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,99.Conclusão:a validação de conteúdo realizada foi ferramenta eficaz para adequação do protocolo, de acordo com o julgamento de profissionais experientes, demonstrando a importância em se realizar validação prévia de instrumentos. Espera-se que, este estudo incentive a adoção do rastreio universal por outras instituições, mediante protocolos validados.
ResumenObjetivo:validar el contenido del protocolo de prevención de la sepsis precoz porStreptococcus agalactiaeen recién nacidos.Método:estudio transversal, descriptivo, del tipo metodológico, con un enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra fue conformada por 15 jueces, ocho obstetras y siete pediatras. La validación se dio a través de la evaluación de contenido del protocolo por los jueces, los cuales recibieron el instrumento de recolección de datos - checklist - conteniendo siete ítems, que representan los requisitos para ser incluidos en el protocolo. La validación de contenido se logró a través de la aplicación del Índice de Validez de Contenido.Resultado:en el proceso de evaluación, todos los ítems que representan los requisitos contemplados en el protocolo obtuvieron una concordancia dentro del nivel establecido (Índice de Validez de Contenido > 0,75). De los siete ítems, seis obtuvieron una concordancia total (Índice de Validez de Contenido 1,0), y el ítem viabilidad obtuvo un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,93. La evaluación global de los instrumentos obtuvo un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,99.Conclusión:la validación de contenido realizada fue una herramienta eficaz para la adecuación del protocolo, según la evaluación de profesionales expertos, demostrando así la importancia de realizar la validación previa de los instrumentos. Se espera que este estudio fomente la adopción del cribado (screening) universal por otras instituciones, mediante protocolos validados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Arteries/transplantation , Graft Survival , Nuclear Proteins , Organ Transplantation , Trans-Activators , Transplantation Tolerance/genetics , Animals, Genetically Modified , Graft Survival/genetics , Graft Survival/immunology , Heterografts , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/immunology , Papio , Swine , Trans-Activators/genetics , Trans-Activators/immunologyABSTRACT
Objective Adapt the 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) to artificial gait in complete spinal cord injured (SCI) patients aided by neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Method Nine male individuals with paraplegia (AIS A) participated in this study. Lesion levels varied between T4 and T12 and time post injured from 4 to 13 years. Patients performed 6MWT 1 and 6MWT 2. They used neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and were aided by a walker. The differences between two 6MWT were assessed by using a paired t test. Multiple r-squared was also calculated. Results The 6MWT 1 and 6MWT 2 were not statistically different for heart rate, distance, mean speed and blood pressure. Multiple r-squared (r2 = 0.96) explained 96% of the variation in the distance walked. Conclusion The use of 6MWT in artificial gait towards assessing exercise walking capacity is reproducible and easy to apply. It can be used to assess SCI artificial gait clinical performance. .
Objetivo Adaptar o teste de caminhada dos 6 minutos (TC6) para marcha artificial de pacientes com lesão medular completa associado a eletroestimulação neuromuscular. Método Nove participantes do sexo masculino com paraplegia (AIS A) participaram do estudo. O nível de lesão variou entre T4 e T12 , tempo de lesão variou entre 4 e 13 anos. Os pacientes realizaram dois TC6 (TC6-1 e TC6-2). Os participantes usaram eletroestimulação neuromuscular e foram auxiliados por andador. As diferenças entre os dois TC6 foram avaliadas pelo teste t pareado e calculado o r2. Resultados Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre TC6-1 e TC6-2 para frequência cardíaca, distância, velocidade média e pressão arterial. O r2 = 0,96 explica 96% da variação na distância caminhada. Conclusão O uso do TC6 em marcha artificial para avaliação da capacidade de exercício de caminhada é reprodutível e fácil de aplicar. Esse teste pode ser utilizado para avaliar o desempenho clínico da marcha artificial de indivíduos com lesão medular. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Animals, Newborn/metabolism , Arachidonic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Brain/metabolism , Phosphatidylcholines/pharmacokinetics , Triglycerides/pharmacokinetics , Carbon Isotopes , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Organ Size , Papio , Pigment Epithelium of Eye/metabolism , Retina/metabolism , Tissue DistributionSubject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Animal Feed , Animals, Newborn/metabolism , Arachidonic Acid/biosynthesis , Docosahexaenoic Acids/metabolism , Gestational Age , Infant Formula/pharmacology , Papio/physiology , Body Weight , Brain/metabolism , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Linear Models , Liver/metabolism , Organ Size , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The aim was to describe current reports in the scientific literature on sleep in the intensive care environment and sleep deprivation associated with painful experiences in premature infant. A systematic search was conducted for studies on sleep, pain, premature birth and care of the newborn. Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, VHL and SciELO databases were consulted. The association between sleep deprivation and pain generates effects that are observed in the brain and the behavioral and physiological activity of preterm infants. Polysomnography in intensive care units and pain management in neonates allow comparison with the first year of life and term infants. We have found few references and evidence that neonatal care programs can influence sleep development and reduce the negative impact of the environment. This evidence is discussed from the perspective of how hospital intervention can improve the development of premature infants.
O objetivo foi descrever o estado atual na literatura científica sobre privação do sono associado a experiências dolorosas no prematuro e o papel na evolução do sono em ambiente de terapia intensiva. Realizou-se uma busca sistemática para estudos sobre sono, dor, prematuridade e programas de atenção ao neonato. Foram consultados as bases Web-of-Knowledge, MEDLINE, LILACS, Biblioteca Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, BVS e SciELO. A associação entre privação do sono e dor gera efeitos que são observados na atividade cerebral, fisiológica e comportamental dos prematuros. A polissonografia nas unidades intensivas e o manejo da dor em neonatos permitem comparação no primeiro ano de vida com crianças nascidas a termo. Encontraram-se poucas evidências de que programas de cuidado neonatal podem influenciar o desenvolvimento do sono e diminuir o impacto negativo do ambiente. Estas evidências são discutidas na perspectiva de como a intervenção hospitalar pode melhorar o desenvolvimento do prematuro.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Betamethasone/pharmacology , Brain/drug effects , Brain/embryology , Cytoskeleton/drug effects , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects , Body Weight , Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Cytoskeleton/chemistry , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/analysis , PapioABSTRACT
The objective of this article is to highlight some of the most important pioneering books specifically focused on the neurological examination and their authors. During the XIX Century, Alexander Hammond, William Gowers and Charles Mills pioneered the neurological literature, followed in the XX Century by Aloysio de Castro, Monrad-Krohn, Derek Denny-Brown, Robert Wartenberg, Gordon Holmes, and Russel DeJong. With determination and a marked sense of observation and research, they competently developed and spread the technique and art of the neurological exam.
O objetivo deste artigo é destacar alguns dos primeiros e mais importantes livros-texto interessados em difundir o ensino do exame neurológico e seus autores. Durante o século XIX, Alexander Hammond, William Gowers e Charles Mills foram pioneiros na literatura neurológica, seguidos por Aloysio de Castro, Monrad-Krohn, Derek Denny-Brown, Robert Wartenberg, Gordon Holmes e Russel DeJong no século XX. Com determinação, grande senso de observação e pesquisa, eles competentemente disseminaram a técnica e a arte de se realizar o exame neurológico.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Betamethasone/pharmacology , Gestational Age , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/analysis , Placenta/enzymology , Blotting, Northern , Blotting, Western , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Hydrocortisone/blood , Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics , Labor, Obstetric/physiology , Papio , RNA, Messenger/analysisABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of waiting time (WT) to radiotherapy (RT) on overall survival (OS) of glioblastoma (GBM) patients as a reliable prognostic variable in Brazil, a scenario of medical disparities. Method Retrospective study of 115 GBM patients from two different health-care institutions (one public and one private) in Brazil who underwent post-operative RT. Results Median WT to RT was 6 weeks (range, 1.3-17.6). The median OS for WT ≤ 6 weeks was 13.5 months (95%CI , 9.1-17.9) and for WT > 6 weeks was 14.2 months (95%CI, 11.2-17.2) (HR 1.165, 95%CI 0.770-1.762; p = 0.470). In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with survival were KPS (p < 0.001), extent of resection (p = 0.009) and the adjuvant treatment (p = 0.001). The KPS interacted with WT to RT (HR 0.128, 95%CI 0.034-0.476; p = 0.002), showing that the benefit of KPS on OS depends on the WT to RT. Conclusion No prognostic impact of WT to RT could be detected on the OS. Although there are no data to ensure that delays to RT are tolerable, we may reassure patients that the time-length to initiate treatment does not seem to influence the control of the disease, particularly in face of other prognostic factors. .
Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do tempo de espera (TE) até radioterapia na sobrevida global de pacientes com glioblastoma como um fator prognóstico confiável. Método Estudo retrospectivo de 115 pacientes com glioblastoma, que foram submetidos à radioterapia pós-operatória, em dois serviços diferentes no Brasil (um público e outro privado). Resultados Mediana de TE para radioterapia foi de 6 semanas (variação, 1,3-17,6). A mediana de sobrevida para TE ≤ 6 semanas foi de 13,5 meses (IC95%, 9,1-17,9) e para TE > 6 semanas foi de 14,2 meses (IC95%, 11,2-17,2) (HR 1,165, 0,770-1,762; p = 0,470). Na análise multivariada, as variáveis associadas à sobrevida foram perfomance status (p < 0,001), extensão da ressecção (p = 0,009) e tratamento adjuvante (p = 0,001). Conclusão Não se observou impacto prognóstico para TE até a radioterapia na sobrevida. Diante de outros fatores prognósticos, é possível assegurar de que o espaço de tempo até a radioterapia não parece influenciar o controle da doença. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Papio/physiology , Pregnancy, Animal/physiology , Uterine Contraction/physiology , Electromyography/veterinary , Laparotomy/veterinary , Photoperiod , Papio/surgeryABSTRACT
Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) was founded in 1933 and the first Professor of Neurology was Fausto Guerner, who could not effectively assume the teaching activities due to his premature death in 1938. Professor Guerner had had his neurological training at Paris. Professor Longo was his successor. Longo was one of the founders of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria the foremost journal of neurosciences in Latin American. Longo died in 1967 and Professor Paulo Pupo succeeded him. Pupo introduced electroencephalography in Brazil. After his death in 1970, Professor Dante Giorgi succeeded him until 1974. Professor José Geraldo Camargo Lima took over the position after Giorgi’s death. He created the Neurological Emergency unit, initiated the Post-Graduation in Neurology and divided the Discipline in specialized units. During the 1980’s and until his retirement in 1995, EPM had become one of most important centers of Brazil training neurologists and researchers in neurological sciences.
A Escola Paulista de Medicina foi fundada em 1933 e o primeiro Professor de Neurologia foi Fausto Guerner, que morreu prematuramente em 1938, antes do início das aulas. O Professor Paulino Longo foi o seu sucessor. Longo, juntamente com outros, fundou os Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria e a Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. Professor Paulo Pupo, seu sucessor, introduziu a eletroencefalografia no Brasil. O Professor José Geraldo Camargo Lima tornou-se chefe da Neurologia em 1974. Criou o Pronto-Socorro de Neurologia, iniciou a Pós-Graduação e dividiu a disciplina em setores especializadas. A partir dos anos 1980, a Neurologia da EPM tornou-se um dos centros acadêmicos mais importantes do Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , /metabolism , Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Papio/metabolism , Animals, Newborn , Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids/analysis , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Milk/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chemerin, encoded by the retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2) gene is an adipocytesecreted protein with autocrine/paracrine functions in adipose tissue, metabolism and inflammation with a recently described function in vascular tone regulation, liver, steatosis, etc. This molecule is believed to represent a critical endocrine signal linking obesity to diabetes. There are no data available regarding evolution of RARRES2 in non-human primates and great apes. Expression profile and orthology in RARRES2 genes are unknown aspects in the biology of this multigene family in primates. Thus; we attempt to describe expression profile and phylogenetic relationship as complementary knowledge in the function of this gene in primates. To do that, we performed A RT-PCR from different tissues obtained during necropsies. Also we tested the hypotheses of positive evolution, purifying selection, and neutrality. And finally a phylogenetic analysis was made between primates RARRES2 protein. RESULTS: RARRES2 transcripts were present in liver, lung, adipose tissue, ovary, pancreas, heart, hypothalamus and pituitary tissues. Expression in kidney and leukocytes were not detectable in either species. It was determined that the studied genes are orthologous. CONCLUSIONS: RARRES2 evolution fits the hypothesis of purifying selection. Expression profiles of the RARRES2 gene are similar in baboons and chimpanzees and are also phylogenetically related.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Papio/genetics , Pan troglodytes/genetics , Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Phylogeny , Molecular Sequence Data , Base Sequence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The anatomical comparative studies among the primates are important for the investigation of ethology, evolution, taxonomy, and comprehension of tools by hominoids. Especially the anatomical knowledge of Cebus contributes to conservation of the species, and to development of surgical procedures and clinical treatments of these animals, as they frequently are victims of automobile accidents. Recent anatomical studies came to a wrong conclusion regarding behavioral traits of Cebus, ascribed to few data available in previous literature. Therefore, to provide anatomical data and to support the other sciences related to anatomy, and to develop surgical and/or clinical procedures, we described the nerves of the legs of Cebus foccusing on their position and trajectory, as wll as innerved muscles, and compared these results with those of humans and other primates. Eight adult capuchin specimens were used for this study. The anatomical comparative study of the leg's nerves of Cebus demonstrated that, in general, structural organization of the nerves is similar among the four primates analyzed here (Cebus, chimpanzees, baboons and humans), which might be attributed to the fact that the all four primates have similar body structures. However, nerve trajectory and muscles innervation in Cebus was more similar to baboons.(AU)
Os estudos anatômicos comparativos entre os primatas são importantes para pesquisas associadas com a etologia, evolução, taxonomia e compreensão dos usos de ferramentas pelos hominídeos. Especificamente, o conhecimento anatômico sobre Cebus contribui para sua própria conservação e para o desenvolvimento de procedimentos cirúrgicos e tratamentos clínicos destes animais, pois são frequentemente vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos. Recentemente, estudos sobre características comportamentais de Cebus indicaram conclusões erradas sobre sua anatomia, o que pode ser atribuído aos poucos dados disponíveis sobre a anatomia desses animais na literatura especializada. Portanto, para fornecer dados anatômicos e fornecer suporte para as outras ciências relacionadas com a anatomia e também desenvolver procedimentos cirúrgicos e/ou clínicos, foram descritos os nervos das pernas de Cebus com enfoque sobre a posição, a trajetória e os músculos inervados, e comparar esses resultados com os dos humanos modernos e outros primatas. Oito espécimes adultos de macacos-prego foram usados para este estudo. O estudo anatômico comparativo dos nervos da perna de Cebus demonstrou que, em geral, a organização estrutural dos nervos é semelhante entre os quatro primatas aqui analisados (Cebus, chimpanzés, babuínos e humanos modernos), o que pode ser atribuído ao fato de que os quatro primatas terem estruturas corporais semelhantes. No entanto, a trajetória dos nervos e a inervação dos músculos em Cebus o aproximam dos babuínos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Papio/anatomy & histology , Primates/anatomy & histology , Hominidae/anatomy & histology , Cebus/anatomy & histology , Models, AnatomicABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o aumento do rebordo alveolar em babuínos (Papio anubis) após o enxerto da proteína morfogenética óssea recombinante humana 2 (rhBMP-2) fazendo uso de dois carregadores. Foram produzidos defeitos padronizados cirurgicamente no rebordo alveolar (≅15 x 8 x 5mm) na maxila e mandíbula em quatro áreas edêntulas de babuínos. Os sítios dos defeitos receberam enxertos com rhBMP-2 (0,4mg/mL) num composto de fosfato tricálcio/hidroxiapatita/esponja de colágeno absorvível (TCP/HA/ACS) ou utilizando um outro enxerto de fosfato de cálcio (αBSM). Tratamentos de controle foram executados sem rhBMP-2 (cirurgia sham - controle). Pinos de aço inoxidável foram colocados nos níveis medioapical e coronal nos locais dos defeitos visando fornecer pontos de referência para medições pré e pós-tratamento. Foram realizadas moldagens dos defeitos pré e pós-tratamento para avaliar as mudanças no volume do rebordo alveolar. Exames radiográficos foram obtidos pré-implantação e imediatamente antes da cirurgia de reentrada. Secções em bloco foram realizadas a 16 semanas do pós-operatório e processados para microscopia de luz. Os cortes histológicos centrais foram avaliados para: área do osso trabecular, área de espaço medular, e densidade óssea utilizando um programa de computador de análise da imagem. Análises estatísticas entre os tratamentos foram feitos usando ANOVA. Os veículos sem rhBMP-2 apresentaram um aumento de rebordo modesto. A adição de rhBMP-2 resultou em um aumento mais significativo de quase duas vezes a largura do rebordo alveolar, volume e osso trabecular, menor espaço medular, e maior densidade óssea em comparação com os controles (p≤ 0,05), sem diferenças significativas entre os protocolos. TCP/HA/ACS e αBSM podem ser considerados veículos adequados para rhBMP-2. A rhBMP-2 combinada com estes carregadores provocou aumento alveolar, podendo proporcionar aumento clinicamente relevante de defeitos do rebordo alveolar antes da ...
The objective of this research was to evaluate the regeneration of alveolar ridge width defects following surgical implantation of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) using two different carriers: a) Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP)/ Hydroxyapatite (HA)/ Absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) and b) α-BSM cement (CaP04) in the baboon model. Standardized alveolar ridge defects (≅15 X 8 X 5 mm) were made in 4 edentulous areas, in 4 baboons. Sites were balanced as to treatments and maxilla/mandible. Two titanium pins were placed at the mid apical and coronal levels to provide landmarks for defect measurements (width) and comparisons pre and post - treatment reentry. Impressions of the pre and post treatment ridges were also taken and models made to determine changes in clinical defect volume. Five treatments were performed: rhBMP-2/TCP/HA/ACS, TCP/HA/ACS alone, rhBMP-2/α-BSM(CaPO4), α-BSM(CaPO4) alone and unimplanted Control. A dose of 0.4-mg/ml rhBMP-2 was used in rhBMP-2 treated sites. Qualitative radiographic observations were recorded at pre implantation and before reentry. Block sections (mid-defects) were harvested at 12-16 weeks, processed for light microscopy and stained with Mason's Trichrome. Three central histologic sections were evaluated for trabecular bone area, marrow space area and bone density using the Computerized Image Program. Statistical comparisons between treatments were made using ANOVA. Carriers by themselves demonstrated sufficient rigidity, resistance to compression and osteoconductive capacity to provide for modest ridge augmentation. Addition of rhBMP-2 resulted in almost double the increase in width and volume, and statistically significant more trabecular bone, less marrow space and higher density than the carriers alone. The rhBMP-2/α-BSM(CaPO4) construct demonstrated superior, but not statistically significant (pU0.05) results over the rhBMP-2/TCP/HA/ACS implant Both TCP/HA/ACS and α-BSM(CaPO4) appear to be suitable ...
Subject(s)
Animals , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation , Bone Transplantation , Recombinant Proteins , Analysis of Variance , Biocompatible Materials , Calcium Phosphates , Collagen , Durapatite , Free Tissue Flaps , Mandible , Maxilla , PapioABSTRACT
The high level of protection elicited in rodents and primates by the radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine gives hope that a human vaccine relying on equivalent mechanisms is feasible. In humans, a vaccine would be undoubtedly administered to previously or currently infected individuals. We have therefore used the olive baboon to investigate whether vaccine-induced immunity is compromised by a schistosome infection. We showed that neither a preceding infection, terminated by chemotherapy, nor an ongoing chronic infection affected the level of protection. Whilst IgM responses to vaccination or infection were short-lived, IgG responses rose with each successive exposure to the vaccine. Such a rise was obscured by responses to egg deposition in already-infected animals. In human trials it would be necessary to use indirect estimates of infection intensity to determine vaccine efficacy. Using worm burden as the definitive criterion, we demonstrated that the surrogate measures, fecal eggs, and circulating antigens, consistently overestimated protection. Regression analysis of the surrogate parameters on worm burden revealed that the principal reason for overestimation was the threshold sensitivity of the assays. If we extrapolate our findings to human schistosomiasis mansoni, it is clear that more sensitive indirect measures of infection intensity are required for future vaccine trials.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Schistosoma mansoni/immunology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/prevention & control , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Papio , Parasite Egg Count , Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunologyABSTRACT
Efectuamos una avaliación comportamental en un ejemplar hembra de Papio papio del Zoológico de Montevideo en encierro solitario, basada en dos aspectos: la utilización del espacio y la comparación de su actividad con/sin público, durante un período de seis meses. Fue siempre visible en el área de exhibición, la mayor parte del tiempo en una sub-área. La principal respuesta afiliativa fue acercarse al público y la conducta agonística más frecuente fue la "rabieta". La conducta estereotipada más frecuente con y sin público fue el "salto". Su conducta fue afectada por la presencia de público, y el uso de su alojamiento tuvo que ver con la posibilidad de una mejor observación de sus vecinos. Se propone un programa de enriquecimiento ambiental a dos niveles, social e instrumental.
We assessed the welfare of a baboon Papio papio female kept lonely in its enclosure at the Montevideo Zoo, focusing on the use of space and comparing behavior with or without visitors, during a six month period. The baboon was always visible in the exhibit area , most of the time in a single sub-area. The principal affiliative category was to approach the public and the most frequent agonistic one was getting "enraged". The most frequent stereotyped behavior, with or without public, was the "jumping" category. Behavior was influenced by the presence of people and use of space was related to the possibility of watching neighboring animals. We propose an environmental enrichment program at two levels, social and instrumental.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Welfare , Animals, Zoo/psychology , Ethology , Papio/psychology , Stereotyped BehaviorABSTRACT
Lactate dehydrogenase-C4 isozyme has been widely studied as the sperm-specific antigen in the research of the contraceptive vaccine. Developmental and testis-specific expression of the LDH-C gene requires mechanisms for activation in germ cells and repression in somatic cells. LDH-C promoter, several transcription factors and methylation of CpG dinucleotides have been proved of governing action on LDH-C gene transcription. The strategy is to induce antibodies in the female reproductive tract against LDH-C antigens at a sufficient level to block fertilization. Chemically modified LDH-C4 offers a potential application in the induction of infertility of homologous species in marked contrast to native LDH-C4. In addition, advances are being made in researches on the male contraceptive vaccine and synthetic peptide immunocontraceptive.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Rabbits , Isoenzymes , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Papio , Spermatozoa , Transcription, Genetic , Vaccines, Contraceptive , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Approximately 90% of freshly imported macaques and other Old World Monkeys are known to be infected with respiratory mites. The lung associated pigments are integral components of pulmonary acariasis in Old World Monkeys; at least three distinctive pigmental bodies are identified in association with lung mite infection. Two major components of pigments are recently identified as silica by using elemental analysis using a high voltage electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis technique. Since a limited number of infected monkey lung tissues and associated pigments can be examined by this tedious procedure, it was important for us to examine much greater number of specimens to verify our initial observation. Ten microincineration technique described provided a unique and practical way to identify the mineral elements in as many 27 histologic sections within a short span of time. Silica and silicates are heat resistant whereas majority of organic materials including lung mite parasites disintegrated under the extreme temperature. Mineral elements were exclusively located within the polarizable white ash. More than 90% of total pigmental bodies identified were found to be related to siliceous materials in 20 incinerated infected monkey lung tissues whereas five noninfected lungs similarly examined did not reveal any pigmental bodies. Other than a small of fine granular mucin substances which were PAS positive, the majority of lung mite associated pigments such as large granules of hemosiderin, needle-like crystals and other fine granules engulfed by macrophages were identified to be siliceous materials as they have persisted even after microincineration. Mite parasites and other organic materials were completely disintegrated. Similar pigmental bodies examined by microscope X-ray analysis were positive for silicate. This finding suggests that lung mite infection in Old Monkeys apparently predisposed silicosis. Therefore, until the link between lung mite infection and silicosis is clarified, expreimental inhalation toxicologic findings in mite-infected Old World monkeys should be interpreted cautiously.
Subject(s)
Animals , Lung/parasitology , Macaca/parasitology , Macaca fascicularis/parasitology , Macaca mulatta/parasitology , Macaca nemestrina/parasitology , Microscopy, Electron , Mite Infestations/veterinary , Mites/chemistry , Papio/parasitology , Primate Diseases/parasitology , Silicon Dioxide/analysisABSTRACT
A study was undertaken to search for DNA recombinant Schistosoma mansoni proteins responsible for eliciting an antibody response from the host at a very early phase after infection. A S. mansoni adult worm cDNA expression library was screened using pooled sera from baboons with four weeks of infection. Based on their specific reactivity with the S. mansoni infected sera and no reactivity when tested against the pre-infection sera from the same baboons, four clones were selected for further studies. Sequence analysis revealed that they were homologous to the S. mansoni heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). The insert sizes of the four selected clones varied from 1150 to 2006 bp. The preliminary characterization for antibody reactivity against a panel of baboon sera showed that the longest clone was the most reactive, eight out of eight acute and three out of four chronic sera reacting positively to this clone. The shortest clone was the least reactive. Our results suggest that the S. mansoni hsp70 elicits an early and strong antibody response in baboons and that antibodies to this protein can be detected in chronically infected animals. Therefore S. mansoni hsp70 may be a valid target for immunodiagnosis. However further studies are needed to identify the portion of the hsp70 that best fits the requirements for a valuable diagnostic antigen
Subject(s)
Animals , DNA, Complementary , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins , Papio , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Antibodies, Helminth , Antigens, Helminth , PapioABSTRACT
Morphine is known to inhibit nocturnal uterine contractions in several animal models, and oxytocin is known to be a primary causative factor of uterine contractions. The purpose of the present study was to determine the tocolytic effect of morphine in relation to the pharmacokinetics of oxytocin, after a bolus injection of oxytocin. The metabolism of oxytocin was investigated during the third trimester in baboons. Four animals were placed on a tether system with venous and arterial access, including continuous uterine monitoring. Plasma oxytocin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay after extraction with petroleum ether/acetone. Morphine consistently increased the metabolic clearance rate of oxytocin in all four animals (p < 0.05) and this was in accordance with suppressed uterine contractions. We conclude that morphine could be used as an inhibitor of nocturnal uterine contractions, and that this is caused by the morphine induced increased metabolic clearance rate of oxytocin.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Animals , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Morphine/pharmacology , Oxytocin/pharmacokinetics , Papio , Tocolytic Agents/pharmacology , Uterine Contraction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Trypanosoma cruzi (Schyzotrypanum, Chagas, 1909), and Chagas disease are endemic in captive-reared baboons at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas. We obtained PCR amplification products from DNA extracted from sucking lice collected from the hair and skin of T. cruzi-infected baboons, with specific nested sets of primers for the protozoan kinetoplast DNA, and nuclear DNA. These products were hybridized to their complementary internal sequences. Selected sequences were cloned and sequencing established the presence of T. cruzi nuclear DNA, and minicircle kDNA. Competitive PCR with a kDNA set of primers determined the quantity of approximately 23.9 18.2 T. cruzi per louse. This finding suggests that the louse may be a vector incidentally contributing to the dissemination of T. cruzi infection in the baboon colony
Subject(s)
Animals , Disease Vectors , Lice Infestations , Papio , Phthiraptera , Trypanosoma cruzi , DNA Primers , DNA, Protozoan , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trypanosoma cruziABSTRACT
Eleven cases of osteoitd osteomas of tubular bones were resected percutaneously under CT guidance. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and radiological findings. Histopathological confirmation was obtained in 10 cases. Successful treatment was achieved in all patients. Because of the focal bone resection, no bone grafting was needed. Hospital stay lasted from 1 to 3 days. After 2-13 months of follow up, all patients were asymptomatic. We recommend percutaneous excision under CT guidance as the procedure of choice in the treatment of the appendincular osteoid osteoma
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/diagnosis , Leg , Papio , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
To evaluate possible roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, -2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in invasion of human gliomas, expressions of these proteins were investigated in ten cases of human glioma and two meningioma tissues and eight human glioma cell lines. In gelatin zymography, MMP-2 activities of glioblastomas were higher than astrocytomas. The activated form of MMP-2 was seen in five of six cases of glioblastomas, but not in astrocytomas. MMP-9 activity was detected in all cases of malignant astrocytomas but the reactivity of MMP-9 was weaker than that of MMP-2. MT1-MMP mRNA expression in glioblastomas was higher than that in astrocytomas. Five cases of glioblastomas with activated form of MMP-2 had MT1-MMP expressions. In vitro, human glioma cell lines with high expression of MT1-MMP also showed high MMP-2 activity. TIMP-1 transcripts were constitutively present in almost all glioma tissues and cell lines, whereas TIMP-2 mRNA were weak especially in malignant gliomas. Imbalance of TIMP-2/MMP-2 was observed using immunoprecipitation analysis in a glioma cell line. High expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP is possibly involved in invasiveness of malignant glioma.